INDIA

🇮🇳

Fresh SSB batches start around the 1st & 15th of every month.

🗺️ General Information

• Official Name: Republic of India
• Capital: New Delhi
• Formation: 15 August 1947 (Independence)
• Constitution Adopted: 26 January 1950
• Government: Parliamentary democratic republic
• President (2025): Droupadi Murmu
• Prime Minister (2025): Narendra Modi
• Vice President (2025): Jagdeep Dhankhar

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🌍 Geography

• Total Area: 3.287 million sq km (7th largest in the world)
• Land Borders: 15,106 km
• Coastline: 7,516.6 km
• Highest Point: Kangchenjunga – 8,586 m
• Major Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Krishna, Narmada
• Neighboring Countries: Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Afghanistan (PoK region)

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👥 Population & Demographics

• Population (2024 est.): ~1.43 billion (Most populous country)
• Density: ~464 persons per sq km
• Sex Ratio: ~1020 females per 1000 males (as per NFHS-5)
• Literacy Rate: ~77.7% (as per NSO)
• Median Age: ~28 years
• Urban Population: ~36%
• Youth (15-29 years): Over 27% of population

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🛡️ Defence

• Indian Armed Forces Rank: 4th largest in the world
• Defence Budget (2024-25): ₹6.21 lakh crore (~$75 billion)
• Nuclear Power Since: 1974 (Smiling Buddha test)
• Tri-Service Chiefs (2025):
  • Army: Gen Upendra Dwivedi
  • Navy: Adm Dinesh K Tripathi
  • Air Force: Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari

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📈 Economy

• GDP (Nominal, 2024-25 est.): ~$3.9 trillion (5th largest globally)
• GDP (PPP): ~$13.5 trillion (3rd largest globally)
• GDP Growth (2024-25 est.): ~7.2%
• Forex Reserves (June 2025): Over $650 billion
• Per Capita Income: ~$2,850 (Nominal)
• Major Sectors: Services (~53%), Industry (~26%), Agriculture (~21%)

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🏭 Industries & Exports

• Top Exports: Petroleum products, gems & jewelry, pharmaceuticals, textiles, machinery, software services
• Top Trading Partners: USA, China, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Germany
• Major Industries: IT, Pharma, Automobiles, Steel, Space Tech, Defence Manufacturing

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📚 Education

• Gross Enrollment Ratio (Higher Education): ~28%
• Top Institutes: IITs, IIMs, AIIMS, NITs, ISRO, DRDO-affiliated institutions
• Digital Initiatives: PM eVidya, SWAYAM, DIKSHA, National Digital University (in progress)

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🚀 Science & Technology

• Space Missions:
  • Chandrayaan-3 (2023): Landed on Moon’s south pole
  • Aditya-L1 (2023): India’s first solar mission
  • Gaganyaan (Manned mission planned for 2025-26)
• 5G Rollout: Completed in 2024 across major cities
• AI & Quantum Computing: Growing government and private investment

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🚉 Infrastructure

• National Highways Length: ~1.46 lakh km
• Electrified Railways: >90% of broad-gauge network
• Smart Cities Mission: 100 cities targeted
• Bullet Train Project: Mumbai–Ahmedabad corridor under construction
• Renewable Energy Capacity: Over 180 GW (target: 500 GW by 2030)

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🌾 Agriculture

• Major Crops: Rice, wheat, pulses, cotton, sugarcane
• Largest Producer: Milk, pulses, jute
• 2nd Largest Producer: Rice, wheat, fruits & vegetables
• Fertilizer Subsidy (2024-25): ₹1.75 lakh crore

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🏛️ Culture & Heritage

• Major Religions: Hinduism (~79.8%), Islam (~14.2%), Christianity (~2.3%), Sikhism (~1.7%)
• Classical Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia
• World Heritage Sites: 42 (as of 2025)
• National Symbols:
  • Animal: Bengal Tiger
  • Bird: Indian Peacock
  • Flower: Lotus
  • Tree: Banyan
  • Fruit: Mango
  • Sport (Official): Hockey
  • Song: “Vande Mataram”
  • Anthem: “Jana Gana Mana”

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🔑 Recent Milestones & Global Rankings

• India @ G20: Hosted G20 Summit in 2023
• Digital Payment Leader: ~46% of global real-time digital transactions (2023)
• Startups: Over 1 lakh registered startups; 100+ unicorns
• Climate Goals: Net-zero by 2070 target; major push for green hydrogen
• Passport Power (2025): Ranks 80th globally (Henley Index)