⚡ Energy Sources of India – Key Facts & Figures

Fresh SSB batches starts around 1st & 15th of every month.

 🔹 1. Total Installed Power Capacity

• Total Capacity (March 2025): ~430 GW
• Breakup (Approximate Share):
  • Coal: ~48.5% (~209 GW)
  • Renewables (including Hydro): ~40% (~172 GW)
    • Solar: ~80 GW
    • Wind: ~45 GW
    • Hydro: ~47 GW
  • Nuclear: ~2% (~7 GW)
  • Gas-based: ~6.5% (~28 GW)
  • Diesel: <1% (declining)

• Target by 2030:
  • 500 GW of non-fossil capacity
  • 50% of total energy from renewables
• International Solar Alliance: Headquartered in Gurugram, India
• Solar Parks: Rewa (MP), Bhadla (Rajasthan – World’s largest)
• Top States in Solar: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Karnataka
• Top States in Wind: Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra

• India’s Position:
  • 2nd largest coal producer (after China)
  • 4th largest coal reserves
• Dependence on Coal: Still major (for base-load power)
• Main Coal-Producing States: Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal
• Issues: High carbon emissions, water use, air pollution

• Total Capacity: ~7.5 GW
• Target by 2031: ~22 GW
• Major Plants: Kudankulam (TN), Tarapur (MH), Kakrapar (GJ), Kalpakkam (TN), Rawatbhata (RJ)
• Fuel Source: Uranium (imported; India has some reserves of Thorium)
• Thorium Program: Long-term plan using India’s vast thorium reserves

• Current Capacity: ~47 GW
• Potential: Over 145 GW (most untapped)
• Small Hydro (<25 MW): Part of Renewable Energy
• Major Projects: Tehri Dam (UK), Sardar Sarovar (GJ), Bhakra-Nangal (HP/PB)

• Gas-based Power Plants: ~28 GW capacity
• Challenges: High import costs, infrastructure gaps
• Major Gas Fields: KG-D6 Basin, Mumbai High
• LNG Terminals: Hazira, Dahej, Kochi, Ennore

• Biomass Installed Capacity: ~10 GW
• Waste-to-Energy Plants: Growing in urban areas
• Potential: Over 25 GW (as per MNRE)
• Schemes: SATAT scheme – compressed biogas production from waste

• Electrification: 100% village electrification claimed (Saubhagya Yojana)
• Per Capita Electricity Consumption (2024): ~1,200 kWh (global avg ~3,500 kWh)
• Rural-Urban Disparity: Reducing, but quality and reliability still vary

• Crude Oil Imports: ~85% of needs
• Natural Gas Imports: ~50% of consumption
• Coal Imports: Despite being a top producer, ~20% coal imported
• Strategic Petroleum Reserves: Built at Vishakhapatnam, Mangalore, Padur

• UJALA – Energy-efficient LED distribution
• Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All
• Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) Scheme
• Green Energy Corridor – For renewable power transmission
• National Hydrogen Mission – Focus on Green Hydrogen
• PRAAPTI & MERIT Portals – For transparency in power purchases