R2R NEWSPAPER NOTES

R2R SSB BATCHES STARTING FROM18TH JUNE. Referred articles were published in The Hindu.

1: The war in Gaza, exposing Israel’s hidden ambition

• Background:
  • The article focuses on Israel's declared goals for its war in Gaza and the perceived hidden ambitions behind its actions.
  • It references the displacement of Palestinians in 1948 (the Nakba) and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
  • There's a historical context of distrust and conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, with past peace efforts failing to achieve a lasting resolution.
• The Situation Now:
  • The article alleges that Israel's actions in Gaza go beyond stated military objectives, hinting at a hidden ambition to expel Palestinians from the territory.
  • It draws parallels to the 1948 Nakba, where a large number of Palestinians were displaced.
  • There is widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure in Gaza, including homes, schools, and hospitals.
  • Thousands of civilians have been killed or wounded, and there are concerns about the disproportionate use of force.
  • International bodies and human rights organizations have raised alarms about the humanitarian crisis and potential war crimes.
  • The article highlights the "crisis of hypenation" where Israel's actions are often viewed in conjunction with historical events and narratives of forced displacement.
  • A recent survey indicated that the majority of Palestinians wish to remain in their homeland, despite the conflict.
• Way Forward:
  • There is a need for genuine and transparent international monitoring of the conflict to ensure compliance with humanitarian law.
  • International efforts should focus on a lasting political solution that addresses the root causes of the conflict, ensuring self-determination for Palestinians.
  • The international community must uphold human rights and prevent further displacement of populations.
  • Any future peace initiatives must build trust and ensure accountability for actions taken during the conflict.

• Background:
  • The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional organization aimed at promoting economic cooperation and connectivity among its member states.
  • Historically, trade and transit through the Bay of Bengal region have faced challenges due to infrastructure gaps, complex customs procedures, and regional tensions.
  • Bangladesh's strategic location makes it a key player in enhancing regional connectivity.
• The Situation Now:
  • India's economic engagement in the Bay of Bengal is gaining momentum, with improved connectivity through sea ports in Paradip (Odisha) and Haldia (West Bengal).
  • There is optimism about increased trade through Bangladesh, with India having granted transit rights to facilitate its trade with northeastern states.
  • However, concerns exist regarding Bangladesh's ability to handle the increased transit traffic and the potential for delays.
  • Mid-May saw restrictions on imports of seven categories of Bangladeshi goods, including garments and plastics, into India.
  • The article notes that while India has invested significantly in port infrastructure, Bangladesh's infrastructure development has lagged.
  • The broader question is whether India's economic engagements prioritize its own interests or genuinely seek to improve regional connectivity.
• Way Forward:
  • India and Bangladesh need to enhance infrastructure, including port and road connectivity, to handle increased transit traffic efficiently.
  • Harmonize customs procedures and reduce non-tariff barriers to facilitate smoother trade within BIMSTEC.
  • Address protectionist measures and import restrictions to foster a more open trade environment.
  • Ensure that benefits of increased connectivity are distributed equitably among all member states, not just specific regions.
  • The long-term success of BIMSTEC depends on genuine cooperation and a shared vision for regional prosperity.
  • Regular consultations between India and Bangladesh are necessary to resolve trade and transit issues.

• Background:
  • Digital access and skills are crucial for socio-economic development and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in areas like education, health, and financial inclusion.
  • India has a vast population, with significant disparities in internet access and digital literacy between urban and rural areas, and different socio-economic groups.
• The Situation Now:
  • A recent survey (NSSO, July 2022-June 2023) indicates that 64.8% of households in India have internet access, with 76.3% in urban areas and 56.5% in rural areas.
  • Across various states, internet penetration varies significantly, with Delhi, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Sikkim, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh having higher rates, while states like Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh have lower rates.
  • The report shows that while 84.1% of households have internet access (mobile phones), actual internet usage for productive tasks is much lower.
  • Only 7.2% of households use the internet for arithmetic operations, 4.4% for email, and 4.2% for data transfer.
  • Digital skills, such as using basic tasks, arithmetic operations, and sending emails, remain low, especially in rural areas and among certain socio-economic groups.
  • Disparities exist across different social groups, with Scheduled Tribes (STs) having the lowest internet access and digital skills.
• Way Forward:
  • There is a clear need to bridge the digital divide between urban and rural areas, and different socio-economic groups.
  • Focus on improving digital literacy and practical application of digital skills beyond basic internet access.
  • Promote affordable internet access and digital devices, especially in underserved regions.
  • Implement targeted training programs to enhance digital skills for various socio-economic activities.
  • Ensure that the benefits of digital transformation reach all segments of society to promote inclusive growth and reduce inequality.
  • The government and private sector should collaborate to expand internet infrastructure and develop user-friendly digital services.

• Background:
  • Shipki La Pass is a significant Himalayan mountain pass connecting Himachal Pradesh (India) with Tibet (China).
  • Historically, it served as a crucial trade route between India and Tibet for centuries, predating 1962.
  • The trade through the pass was suspended after the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and later resumed with restrictions.
• The Situation Now:
  • Shipki La Pass has been opened as a motorable mountain pass, allowing for tourism and trade, which could potentially boost local economies in Kinnaur district.
  • The Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister and Scholars have highlighted the potential for the pass to develop as a major tourist destination.
  • The pass is culturally significant, as it connects communities with shared traditions and Buddhist heritage on both sides of the border.
  • Despite its historical significance, the trade through Shipki La remains limited compared to its potential.
  • The cultural exchanges and people-to-people interactions across the border have historically been strong, but have been affected by political developments.
  • There are concerns about the limited infrastructure on the Chinese side affecting the full potential of trade.
• Way Forward:
  • Further development of infrastructure and facilities on both sides of the Shipki La Pass to facilitate increased trade and tourism.
  • Strengthening cultural and spiritual connections through people-to-people exchanges and joint initiatives.
  • Address existing political and logistical challenges to maximize the economic potential of the pass.
  • The government should promote the pass as a hub for cross-border trade and tourism, benefiting local communities.
  • The article suggests that reviving the traditional trade routes through passes like Shipki La could have broader implications for regional prosperity and cultural understanding.

NEWS IN SHORTS

1. India Moving Citizens in Iran, Israel to Safer Places

India has initiated efforts to move its citizens from Iran and Israel to safer locations due to the ongoing conflict. The Indian Embassy in Tehran is assisting in evacuation, with some citizens being moved by land to Armenia. Thousands of Indian citizens residing in Israel are being advised on safety measures and potential relocation. The External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, is in contact with his counterparts in both countries to ensure the safety of Indian nationals.

2. FATF Condemns Pahalgam Attack, to Release Report on 'State-Sponsored Terror' for First Time

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has condemned the Pahalgam terror attack, marking only the third time it has condemned a terror act. FATF will release a comprehensive report on terror financing risks in a month, which will include state-sponsorship as a funding source for terrorism. This report is significant as it acknowledges "state-sponsored terrorism" as a key factor in terror financing. The FATF aims to raise awareness and help public and private sectors understand and mitigate terror threats.

3. When Can the U.S. President Deploy Military on U.S. Soil?

This article explores the legal provisions allowing the U.S. President to deploy the military domestically. It discusses the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which limits military involvement in civilian law enforcement unless authorized by Congress or the Constitution. The piece also examines instances of presidential deployments, such as during the Civil Rights era, and the nuances of federalizing National Guard units. It highlights that military deployment on U.S. soil is an extraordinary measure for emergencies.

4. India Seeks Peaceful Resolution of Cyprus Question

Prime Minister Narendra Modi reiterated India's support for a peaceful and just resolution to the Cyprus question during talks with Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides. India advocates for a comprehensive settlement based on international law and UN resolutions. The joint statement emphasized the strong bilateral ties between India and Cyprus, including in areas of defense, economy, and culture. Separately, PM Modi will attend the G7 Outreach Summit in Canada to hold bilateral meetings with various leaders.

5. Israeli Air Strike on Tehran Cuts off Iran's State TV During Live Bulletin

An Israeli air strike on Tehran caused explosions, briefly cutting off Iran's state TV during a live bulletin. This follows a barrages of missiles in retaliation for previous Israeli attacks. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu threatened further strikes if Iran retaliates. China, Russia, and Turkiye have urged both Iran and Israel to de-escalate and end the fighting. They emphasized the need for dialogue, calm, and adherence to international law to prevent further destabilization in the region.

6. Escalation Spiral: Global Powers Must Persuade Israel to End Its Reckless War

This article warns of an "escalation spiral" in the Israel-Iran conflict, urging global powers to persuade Israel to end its "reckless war." It highlights the dangers of continued aggression, including the potential for a broader regional conflict and a nuclear crisis. The piece criticizes Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu's actions, calling for restraint and a diplomatic solution. It suggests that major powers, including the U.S., China, Russia, and the EU, must play a more proactive role in mediation to restore stability in West Asia.