R2R SSB BATCHES START EVERY 1ST & 15TH of month. Referred articles were published in The Hindu.

• Background:
  • For 70 years, India and Pakistan have had complex and often difficult bilateral and multilateral relations.
  • Past attempts at diplomacy and conflict resolution have faced challenges, particularly concerning the issue of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).
  • Pakistan's stance on J&K has often been seen by India as a core issue for cross-border terrorism and destabilization.
  • India has consistently maintained that J&K is an integral part of India and that disputes should be resolved bilaterally.
• The Situation Now:
  • India is increasingly bringing up the issue of terrorism linked to Pakistan in international forums, emphasizing that a country cannot be a "counter-terrorism partner" while supporting terrorism.
  • The Line of Control (LoC) remains a significant flashpoint, with concerns about its stability and potential for escalation.
  • India points to seven special envoys sent to various countries to discuss J&K not yielding positive results, as their reports did not align with India's position.
  • India asserts that maps and UN documents showing disputed territories in J&K are inaccurate and that the Line of Control is internationally recognized.
  • The UN Security Council has established mechanisms to combat international terrorism, but their effectiveness in preventing attacks is questioned.
  • There is a "crisis of hypenation" where India and Pakistan are often viewed on par in international discussions, despite India's efforts to differentiate itself.
  • India has adopted a "no first use" doctrine for nuclear weapons, while Pakistan's stance is less clear, leading to concerns about regional stability.
• Way Forward:
  • India must continue its efforts to clearly communicate its position on terrorism and J&K to the international community.
  • There is a need to move beyond historical narratives and focus on present realities of terrorism.
  • International bodies must take a clear stance against state-sponsored terrorism.
  • India's consistent advocacy for a "comprehensive global strategy" against terrorism is essential, emphasizing shared responsibility and adherence to the rule of law.
  • Continued vigilance and strong counter-terrorism measures are necessary to prevent future attacks.

• Background:
  • For years, the entry of foreign law firms into India has been a subject of debate and restriction.
  • The Bar Council of India (BCI) has historically opposed the full liberalization of the legal sector, citing concerns about protecting domestic practitioners.
  • Existing regulations have created what some call a "non-trade barrier" for foreign law firms.
• The Situation Now:
  • The BCI has now notified guidelines allowing foreign lawyers and law firms to practice in India, albeit with certain restrictions.
  • Foreign law firms can practice in India for a period not exceeding 60 days in a 12-month period, with a potential extension to 120 days.
  • They are primarily allowed to advise on foreign and international law, not Indian law.
  • The move aims to facilitate reciprocity, allowing Indian lawyers to practice abroad.
  • Concerns remain about the impact on domestic lawyers and the potential for a "race to the bottom" regarding professional standards.
  • The policy aims to strike a balance between attracting foreign investment and protecting the interests of Indian legal professionals.
  • Data suggests that India's domestic legal market is robust, with Indian Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) accounting for a significant share.
• Way Forward:
  • Ensure strict adherence to the BCI's guidelines to maintain the integrity and standards of the Indian legal profession.
  • Monitor the impact of foreign firm entry on domestic practices and make adjustments as needed.
  • Focus on promoting capacity building and international exposure for Indian lawyers.
  • Continue discussions on further liberalization, ensuring that any changes are gradual and well-considered.
  • The goal is to create a cooperative environment that benefits both Indian and foreign legal professionals while upholding ethical and professional standards.

• Background:
  • The Russia-Ukraine war began with Russia's full-scale invasion, leading to a prolonged conflict.
  • Initial expectations of a swift Russian victory proved incorrect, and the war has become a protracted struggle.
  • International efforts to mediate peace have largely failed, and geopolitical tensions have intensified.
• The Situation Now:
  • The war has entered a stalemate, with both sides facing significant human and economic costs.
  • Diplomatic efforts, including those led by Donald Trump and the Pope, have yielded limited results, primarily due to a lack of trust and fundamental disagreements between the parties.
  • NATO has expanded, and member states are increasing their defense spending due to security concerns.
  • Ukraine faces immense challenges in rebuilding, and the international community continues to provide aid.
  • Russia continues its offensive, and there are concerns about the use of nuclear weapons and long-range missiles.
  • The conflict has also heightened global energy and food security concerns.
  • There is a growing weariness among some Western allies regarding continued support for Ukraine.
  • The war has implications for China's foreign policy, particularly its relationship with Russia and the West.
• Way Forward:
  • Continued diplomatic efforts are necessary to find a peaceful resolution, though they remain challenging.
  • International pressure on Russia to withdraw its forces and respect Ukraine's sovereignty is crucial.
  • Western countries need to maintain unity and sustained support for Ukraine to ensure its defense.
  • Addressing the humanitarian crisis and reconstruction efforts in Ukraine will be vital post-conflict.
  • The long-term implications of the war for global security, energy markets, and international relations must be carefully managed.
  • A focus on reducing global risks, including nuclear proliferation, is essential.

NEWS IN SHORTS

India's Population Has Hit 146.39 Crore: UNFPA India's population reached 146.39 crore by April, with its total fertility rate (TFR) dropping to 1.9, below replacement level. The UNFPA report indicates that India's population is expected to peak at 170 crore in around 40 years, with the working-age population continuing to grow until about 2040.

Blaze on Cargo Vessel Sparks Oil Spill Alert Off Kerala Coast A Singapore-flagged container vessel, M.V. Wan Hai 503, caught fire and exploded off the Kerala coast, prompting an oil spill advisory. While 18 crew were rescued, four are missing. The vessel carried over 650 containers, including hazardous materials, leading to concerns about marine pollution and a potential oil spill.

Meitei Group Lifts Shutdown in Manipur, Seeks Release of its Leader The Arambai Tenggol (AT), a Meitei radical group in Manipur, has lifted its 10-day shutdown after its leader, Arambam Kanba Singh, was detained. The group demanded his unconditional release, asserting that the government had failed to protect the interests of the people.

Maximum Mumbai: The City Needs Long-Term Solutions to its Transportation Needs Mumbai's railway system urgently needs long-term solutions, including automatic sliding doors and improved ventilation, to address overcrowding and safety issues. The article highlights the importance of integrating public transport, investing in infrastructure, and promoting eco-friendly modes to manage the consequences of rapid urbanization.

Won't Tolerate Abuse of U.S. Visas, Violation of Law, Says U.S. Embassy The U.S. Embassy stated it will not tolerate visa abuse or law violations, following an incident where an Indian student was restrained at Newark airport. The MEA is taking up the issue, while the U.S. emphasized that individuals without proper immigration status will be deported.

NSG Defused Drones with Explosives at Jammu Airport After Op. Sindoor The National Security Guard (NSG) successfully defused eight kilograms of explosives dropped by drones at the Jammu civilian airport, as part of 'Operation Sindoor.' The NSG is also deployed for anti-Naxal operations and conducts extensive counter-terrorism and anti-hijack exercises, enhancing security cooperation with 17 foreign countries.

U.K., Four Allies Impose Sanctions on Israeli Ministers Ben-Gvir, Smotrich The U.K., Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Norway have sanctioned Israeli Ministers Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich for inciting violence against Palestinians in the West Bank. The move includes asset freezes and travel bans, drawing "outrage" from Tel Aviv but aiming to press for stronger Israeli actions regarding Gaza and West Bank violence.