R2R SSB BATCHES START EVERY 1ST & 15TH of month. Referred articles were published in The Hindu.
1: What is the significance of the Census?
- Background:
- The Census in India has a long history, dating back to Kautilya's Arthashastra and continuing through the Mughal era.
- The modern decennial census officially began in 1881 under the British, with W.C. Plowden as the first Census Commissioner.
- Historically, census schedules have included questions on age, sex, mother tongue, literacy, religion, and caste, though the last caste-based enumeration was in 1931.
- The Census Act of 1948 governs the entire process, empowering the Central government to conduct the census and appoint relevant officers at both central and state levels, often utilizing teachers as staff.
- The 2021 Census was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- The Situation Now:
- The next Census is set for March 1, 2027, and will be conducted in two main phases:
- The House-listing Phase, initially planned for April to September 2020, collects data on housing structures and amenities.
- The Population Enumeration Phase, originally slated for February to March 2021, gathers individual-level information, including demographics and socio-economic details. Both phases were postponed.
- A significant aspect of the upcoming census is the demand for caste enumeration, particularly to aid in targeted welfare schemes for Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
- However, some Southern States and smaller states are concerned about the implications of the census, especially caste enumeration:
- They fear re-delimitation of Lok Sabha and State Assembly constituencies based on new population figures, which could lead to a loss of political representation for states that have successfully controlled population growth. The current delimitation is frozen until 2026.
- Changes in population data could also affect the allocation of financial resources from the Central government.
- Way Forward:
- The process of enumerating caste details must be systematic and accurate to inform effective affirmative action policies.
- It is crucial to address the genuine concerns of Southern and smaller states regarding potential loss of political significance due to delimitation based on the 2027 Census population.
- Many states advocate for a freeze on Lok Sabha seats at existing levels.
- A broad consensus among all states is necessary for the preparatory steps of the Census.
- The delimitation exercise should not be rushed and ideally should be completed before the 2029 general elections.
- The one-third reservation of seats for women, proposed to be implemented based on this Census, should also be in effect for the 2029 elections.
2: Defence production in India receives a fillip- Background:
- India has historically been a major importer of defense equipment.
- There has been a sustained effort to promote indigenous defense manufacturing and reduce reliance on imports.
- The government has implemented policies to encourage private sector participation and increase domestic procurement in defense.
- The Situation Now:
- India's defense production has seen a substantial increase, reaching a record high of ₹1,00,000 crore in FY23, a 12% increase from the previous year.
- This growth is attributed to policy reforms and greater participation from both public and private sector companies.
- Defense exports have also reached a record ₹20,000 crore in FY23, an eight-fold increase since 2016.
- Major private sector companies are increasingly involved in defense production, contributing significantly to the overall growth.
- The Department of Defence Production has established targets for production and exports for FY24 and FY25, aiming for continued growth.
- Way Forward:
- Continued focus on policy reforms and ease of doing business in the defense sector.
- Further encouragement of private sector investment and innovation in defense manufacturing.
- Achieving the ambitious targets set for defense production and exports in the coming years.
- Strengthening the indigenous defense industrial base to meet India's security needs and become a major exporter.
3: Lawful measures- Background:
- The article discusses the challenge of breaking the cycle of impunity in ethnic conflicts, particularly in Manipur.
- Ethnic conflicts are difficult to end due to deeply rooted grievances and a lack of mechanisms for reconciliation.
- Past efforts at peace-building have been challenging, especially when a significant majority is involved in violence.
- There have been instances of "brandishing arms, chauvinist statements," and "dilly-dallying over taking on the patrons of violence."
- The Situation Now:
- The government has decided to address elements of impunity by implementing "lawful measures."
- Recent incidents include alleged violence by individuals in ethnic attire, highlighting the challenge of enforcing law against those who believe they are above the law.
- The article criticizes the alleged inaction of some political figures and security forces, suggesting a failure to protect victims.
- There have been arrests of individuals allegedly involved in violence against law enforcement, but the effectiveness of these arrests in breaking the cycle of impunity is questioned.
- The importance of addressing underlying grievances and establishing trust among communities is emphasized.
- Way Forward:
- Implement "lawful measures" robustly and impartially to address impunity.
- Ensure that those who commit violent acts, regardless of their background or political affiliation, are held accountable.
- Focus on reconciliation and peace-building efforts alongside law enforcement.
- Strengthen the justice system and ensure fair trials.
- Use digital and other tools to facilitate communication and civil society representation among ethnic groups.
- Prevent further violence and ensure that legal steps are taken against offenders to restore peace and security in Manipur.
4: Diplomatic Efforts to Counter Pakistan's Narrative on Kashmir - Background:
- India has engaged in diplomatic efforts to counter Pakistan's narrative on Kashmir and its alleged support for terrorism.
- This involves engaging with a wide range of international interlocutors, including parliamentarians, former diplomats, and foreign media.
- The issue of Kashmir has been a long-standing point of contention between India and Pakistan.
- The Situation Now:
- Indian delegations have been traveling to various countries to present India's position on Kashmir and expose Pakistan's alleged role in terrorism.
- The delegations highlight Pakistan's "terrorist infrastructure" and its status as an "epicenter of terrorism."
- They emphasize India's commitment to "democratic decline" and aim to project an image of a confident, pluralistic India that prioritizes security and development.
- The focus is also on international bodies like the UN Security Council (UNSC) and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) regarding Pakistan's alleged non-compliance.
- There's an ongoing effort to counter Pakistan's "copy-cat move" to present its own narrative on Kashmir to the Indian diaspora abroad.
- Way Forward:
- Continue sustained diplomatic engagement with international interlocutors to counter Pakistan's narrative.
- Maintain pressure on international bodies to address Pakistan's alleged support for terrorism.
- Reinforce India's image as a democratic, pluralistic nation committed to security and development.
- Strengthen communication with the Indian diaspora abroad to counter misinformation and present India's perspective.
- Emphasize India's commitment to peace and regional stability.
5: Controversy Over Bangladeshi Student Protester Registered as Voter in West Bengal - Background:
- The article highlights irregularities in voter lists in West Bengal.
- Specifically, it focuses on the case of a Bangladeshi student who was reportedly involved in protests in Bangladesh and is now registered as a voter in West Bengal.
- Previous irregularities in voter lists in West Bengal have been a recurring issue.
- The Situation Now:
- Newton Das, a Bangladeshi national and student protester in Bangladesh, is registered as a voter in Kakdwip, West Bengal, since 2014.
- He also obtained a fresh voter card in 2017.
- Das was involved in a protest movement in Bangladesh that brought about a regime change.
- The Trinamool Congress MLA from whom Das allegedly bought land in Bangladesh, Manturam Pakhira, confirmed Das's voter status.
- The BJP leadership has raised concerns, alleging that individuals from Bangladesh are being registered as voters in West Bengal.
- The issue is linked to broader concerns about illegal infiltration from Bangladesh into West Bengal and its impact on the region.
- Way Forward:
- Thorough investigation into the alleged irregularities in voter lists in West Bengal.
- Strict measures to prevent illegal infiltration and ensure that only eligible Indian citizens are registered as voters.
- Strengthening the border security to prevent such incidents.
- Addressing the political implications of alleged voter irregularities and ensuring fair electoral processes.
- The Election Commission and relevant authorities need to take action to verify voter identities and rectify any discrepancies.
NEWS IN SHORTS
NDA Govt. Focused on Empowering Women, Says Modi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated the NDA government has redefined women-led development in 11 years. He highlighted initiatives like "Ujjwala Yojana" for smoke-free kitchens, "MUDRA" loans for women entrepreneurs, and "Beti Bachao Beti Padhao" for girl child protection, asserting significant benefits for women across various sectors.
India to Prioritise Protecting Farmers' Interests During Trade Talks with U.S., Says Union Minister
Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan stated India will prioritize protecting its farmers' interests during ongoing trade talks with the U.S. He emphasized safeguarding farmers amid pressure for greater market access for American agricultural and horticultural products, with negotiations expected to conclude by October 2025.
IAF Airlifts Kidney, Cornea; Organ Donation Saves 5 Lives
The Indian Air Force (IAF) airlifted a kidney and cornea from Bengaluru to Delhi, saving five lives. The organs belonged to a brain-dead patient, and the coordinated operation highlighted the IAF's role in critical organ retrieval and transplants across different locations.
Most Cases Mild, Say Officials as COVID-19 Tally Reaches 6,132
Kerala remains the most affected state, with 6,132 COVID-19 cases and 65 deaths in January. Officials stated most cases were mild and managed at home. The report also mentions nationwide health data collection and the formation of a joint committee to review public health systems.
India and Mongolia Hold Joint Military Exercise to Enhance Interoperability
Military contingents of India and Mongolia are conducting a joint military exercise, 'Nomadic Elephant,' in Ulaanbaatar to enhance interoperability and strengthen counter-terrorism capabilities. The two-week exercise, focusing on non-conventional operations and precision sniping, aims to foster cultural understanding and camaraderie between the troops.
Thailand and Cambodia to Return to Border Positions After Fatal Clash
Thailand and Cambodia have agreed to return their troops to previous border positions following a fatal clash where a Cambodian soldier was killed. Both nations exchanged statements, committing to a peaceful solution after days of military presence at the border.
Two Girls Among 10 Killed in Israeli Strikes on Gaza Strip
Ten people, including two girls, were killed in Israeli strikes on the Gaza Strip, with a UN-backed GHF aid centre site attacked. Separately, the article reports on the Trump administration sending military force to Los Angeles in response to protests.
U.S. Nuclear Proposal Does Not Offer Relief From Sanctions: Iran
Iran's Parliament Speaker stated that the latest U.S. nuclear proposal does not include the lifting of sanctions, deeming it a roadblock. Iran accuses the U.S. of seeking to impose a "unilateral" agreement that it would not accept, calling it a sign of dishonesty.
Tiger and Dog Trapped in Same Pit in Idukki, Rescued
A tiger and a dog were found trapped in a deep pit on a cardamom plantation in Idukki, Kerala. The Kerala Forest Department successfully tranquillised the tiger and rescued both animals. The dog was released, and the tiger was relocated to the Periyar Tiger Reserve.
Jaishankar to Step Up Diplomatic Push on Europe, Belgium; Meitei Group Leader Held, Violence Erupts in Manipur
External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar is on a week-long visit to France and Belgium to engage in diplomatic efforts, including a "Strategic Dialogue" on the Indo-Pacific. Meanwhile, violence erupted in Manipur after a Meitei radical group leader was arrested, leading to a shutdown in five valley districts and disruptions.
Russia Pushes Offensive into Ukraine's Eastern Dnipropetrovsk Region
Russia announced it is pushing into Ukraine's eastern industrial Dnipropetrovsk region, marking a significant territorial escalation. Dnipropetrovsk is a vital mining and industrial hub for Ukraine, and Russia's advances could severely impact Kyiv's struggling military and economy.
Bangladesh Student Protester is a Voter in Bengal
Allegations of irregularities in West Bengal's voter lists surfaced, with a Bangladeshi student protester confirmed to be a registered voter in Kakdwip. This discovery has sparked a political controversy, with the BJP accusing the ruling Trinamool Congress of enrolling Bangladeshi nationals as voters.
News in Numbers: Economic and Social Indicators
This section presents various statistics: FDI inflows attracted by Maharashtra during April-March 2024-25 reached $19.6 billion. Maharashtra sanctioned ₹2.7 crore aid for rain-hit people in Palghar district. The MCD organised 120 property-tax camps. The gender ratio in Shimal assembly constituency is 821, lower than the state average. U.P. completed 29 major irrigation projects in 8 years, benefiting 43,53,850 farmers.
